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Classic of Mountains and Seas — Classic of the Central Mountains, Scroll Five. Part 4


In total, from Mount Jing to Mount Qingu, there are twenty-three mountains covering a distance of two thousand eight hundred ninety li. The deities have bird bodies and human faces. Ritual offerings include a rooster and a jade tablet buried in the earth. Mount Jiao is a burial site, and its ritual involves a sacrifice of wine and a grand offering of livestock, with jade buried alongside the offerings.

The first of the Min Mountain range is Mount Nüji. The summit is rich in cinnabar, and its trees are abundant in catalpa and oak. The grass includes chrysanthemum and other herbs. The Luo River originates here, flowing east into the Yangtze River. The river contains abundant realgar, and the area is inhabited by tigers and leopards.

Three hundred li northeast is Mount Min. The Yangtze River originates here and flows northeast into the sea. The river contains many fine turtles and meng fish. The summit is rich in gold and jade, while the base contains white jade. The trees include plum and pear, and the animals in the region include rhinoceroses, elephants, and kui oxen. Birds such as eagles and pheasants are also common.

One hundred forty li northeast is Mount Lai. The Yangtze River flows from here, flowing east into the Yangtze. The sunny side is rich in gold, while the shady side contains elk and zhang deer. The trees include sandalwood and mulberry, while the grass contains medicinal plants such as onions and various herbs.

One hundred fifty li east is Mount Ju. The Yangtze River flows from here, flowing east into the Great Yangtze. The river contains many strange snakes and zhi fish. The trees include plum, catalpa, and mulberry, while the animals include kui oxen, lu deer, and rhinoceroses. There is also a bird resembling an owl, with a red body and white head, called Qie Zhi. It can ward off fire.

Three hundred li east is Mount Gaoliang. The summit is rich in limestone, while the base is filled with grindstones. The trees include peach branches with hooked ends. A type of grass resembling mallow, with red flowers and white seed pods, grows here. It is said to enable horses to run fast.

Four hundred li east is Mount She, where gold is abundant on the summit and limestone is plentiful at the base. The trees include xun and yu zhang, and the grass includes jia rong and shao xin. There is an animal resembling a fox, with a white tail and long ears, called Ye Lang. Its appearance foretells war in the land.

Five hundred li east is Mount Li. The sunny side is rich in gold, while the shady side contains white jade. The Pu Hong River flows from here, running east into the Yangtze. The river contains abundant white jade, and the animals in the area include rhinoceroses, elephants, bears, and fei monkeys.

Three hundred li northeast is Mount Yuyang. The summit is rich in gold and jade, while the base is filled with blue-green minerals. The trees include mulberry and catalpa, while the grass includes ci. The Xu River flows from here, running east into the Yangtze, and contains red millet.

Two hundred fifty li east is Mount Qi, where white gold is plentiful at the summit, and iron is abundant at the base. The trees include plum, catalpa, and oak. The Xian River flows from here, running southeast into the Yangtze.

Three hundred li east is Mount Gouni, rich in jade and gold. The trees include oak and mulberry, and the grass includes peony plants.

One hundred fifty li east is Mount Fengyu, where white gold is abundant at the summit and cinnabar is plentiful at the base. The trees include zhen and catalpa, and the animals in the region include lü mi deer, zhu deer, leopards, and tigers. The Xuan Yu River flows from here, running east into the Yangtze, and the river contains many snakes.

Two hundred li northeast is Mount Yushan. The sunny side contains copper, while the shady side is rich in red gold. The trees include yu zhang, oak, and catalpa. The animals in the area include wild boars, deer, and zhui birds.

One hundred fifty li east is Mount Xiong, where a cave known as Xiong’s Cave can be found. This cave regularly produces divine beings. In the summer, it opens, and in the winter, it closes. If it opens in the winter, there will be war. The summit contains white jade, while the base is rich in white gold. The forest includes catalpa and willow trees, and the grass includes kou tuo.

One hundred forty li east is Mount Gui, where beautiful jade and red gold are abundant on the sunny side, and iron is plentiful on the shady side. The trees include peach branches and brambles.

Two hundred li east is Mount Ge, where red gold is abundant at the summit, and jian stones are plentiful at the base. The trees include chestnuts, tangerines, and oak.

One hundred seventy li east is Mount Jiachao, where yellow ochre is found on the sunny side, and fine red minerals are abundant on the shady side. The trees include chestnuts and tangerines, and the mountain is home to many dragons.

In total, from Mount Nüji to Mount Jiachao, there are sixteen mountains, covering a distance of three thousand five hundred li. The gods of these mountains have horse bodies and dragon heads. Ritual offerings for them include a rooster and millet. The mountains Wen, Gouni, Fengyu, and Gui are all burial sites. Their rituals involve offerings of wine, livestock, and jade. Mount Xiong is a sacred site, and its rituals include offerings of wine, grand sacrifices, jade, and weapons to ward off evil. The priests perform dances with feathered caps and robes.


The tenth section of the Central Classic begins with Mount Shouyang, where gold and jade are abundant, but there are no trees.

Fifty li west is Mount Huwei, where the trees include pepper and mulberry. The sunny side contains red gold, while the shady side is rich in iron.

Fifty li southwest is Mount Fanhui, where oak and catalpa trees are plentiful, and the grass includes hooked branches.

Twenty li southwest is Mount Yongshi, where there are no trees, but white gold is abundant, and the area is rich in timber.

Twenty li west is Mount Fuzhou, where sandalwood trees are abundant, and the sunny side contains gold. A bird resembling an owl, with one foot and a pig’s tail, called Qi Zhong, lives here. Its appearance foretells plagues.

Thirty li west is Mount Chu, where trees include mulberry, pepper, and catalpa. The area is also rich in limestone.

Twenty li west is Mount Youyuan, where the sunny side contains green minerals, and the shady side is rich in iron. Birds such as magpies are common.

Fifty li west is Mount Zhuo, where the trees include catalpa, oak, and sandalwood. The sunny side is rich in jade.

Seventy li west is Mount Bing, where trees include catalpa, sandalwood, and oak.

In total, from Mount Shouyang to Mount Bing, there are nine mountains, covering a distance of two hundred sixty-seven li. The gods of these mountains have dragon bodies and human faces. Ritual offerings for them include a rooster and the five grains. Mount Du is a burial site, and its rituals involve offerings of wine and livestock. Mount Gui is an imperial site, and its rituals include offerings of wine, grand sacrifices, and performances by priests with feathered robes and caps.

The first mountain in the Jing Mountain range is Mount Yi Wang. The Tuan River originates here, flowing east into the Ji River. The Jian Xiong River also originates here, flowing southeast into the Han River. These rivers contain many jiao dragons. The summit is rich in pine and cypress, and the lower slopes are abundant with lacquer trees and catalpa. The sunny side of the mountain contains red gold, while the shady side is rich in jade.

One hundred and fifty li northeast is Mount Zhao Ge. The Wu River originates here, flowing southeast into the Ying River. This area is inhabited by many merfolk. The summit is rich in catalpa and oak, and the animals include lu deer and elk. There is also a plant called mangcao, which can be used to poison fish.

Two hundred li southeast is Mount Di Qun. The sunny side is abundant with jade, while the shady side is rich in iron. The Di Qun River flows from the summit, disappearing underground, and the area is home to many singing snakes.

Fifty li southeast is Mount Shi. The summit is rich in leeks, and there is a well called the Heavenly Well. It contains water in the summer but dries up in the winter. The summit is also rich in mulberry trees and beautiful alabaster, gold, and jade.

Two hundred li southeast is Mount Qian. The trees include zhu and cypress, with gold found on the sunny side and red ochre on the shady side.

Three hundred li southeast is Mount Feng. An animal called yonghe, with the appearance of an ape, red eyes, a red beak, and a yellow body, lives here. Its appearance foretells great fear for the nation. The god Geng Fu resides here, often traveling to the clear, cold depths of a pond, and when seen, he emits light. When he appears, the nation falls into chaos. The mountain is also known for the ringing of nine bells, which signal the arrival of frost. The summit contains gold, and the lower slopes are rich in guo, oak, and catalpa trees.

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