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Classic of Mountains and Seas — Classic of the Regions Within the Seas, Scroll Eighteen


Within the Eastern Sea, in the northern corner of the sea, lies a country called Choson. The people there, called Tendok, dwell on the water, and they are beloved by all who meet them.

Within the Western Sea, in the midst of the Flowing Sands, lies a country named the Valley Market.

West of the Flowing Sands, within the Western Sea, lies a country named Floating Leaves.

To the west of the Flowing Sands stands Bird Mountain, from which three rivers flow. This place is abundant in gold, precious stones, cinnabar, silver, and iron, all of which flow into this region. There is also Mount Huai, from which fine water flows.

East of the Flowing Sands and west of the Black Water lies the Kingdom of Morning Clouds and the Kingdom of Swine Keepers. The Yellow Emperor’s wife, Lei Zu, gave birth to Changyi, who descended to dwell by the Ruo River and fathered Hanliu. Hanliu had a head, careful ears, a human face, a pig’s snout, a unicorn body, long legs, and pig's feet. He married a woman named A Nu, who gave birth to Emperor Zhuanxu.

East of the Flowing Sands, between the Black Water, stands a mountain called the Mountain of Death.

East of Mount Huashan, along the Green River, lies a mountain named Mount Zhao. There is a man named Baigao, who ascends and descends here, reaching the heavens.

Between the southwestern regions of the Black Water lies the vast plains of Duguang, where Houji is buried. Here, fat beans, fat rice, fat millet, and fat grains grow on their own, and in winter and summer, the qin is played. The Luan Bird sings on its own, the Phoenix dances, and the spirit trees bloom with long-lasting fruits. All the animals gather here, and the plants do not wither, even in winter.

Beyond the Southern Sea, between the Black Water and the Blue Water, there is a tree named Po Tree, from which the Ruo River flows.

There is the Kingdom of Yu Zhong, the Kingdom of Lie Xiang, and Mount Ling. Upon the trees lives a red snake called the Ru Snake, which feeds on the trees.

There is the Kingdom of Salt Chang, where the people have bird heads, and they are called the Bird Clan.

There are nine hills encircled by water, named the Hills of Taotang, Shude, Mengying, Kunwu, Black and White, Chiwang, Sanwei, Wufu, and Shenmin. There is a tree with green leaves and purple stems, black flowers, and yellow fruits, standing a hundred ren tall without branches. It has nine trunks and nine roots, and its fruit resembles hemp. Its leaves are like awns. The Great Hao once passed here, and the Yellow Emperor created this place.

There is a creature called Yayu with a dragon’s head that feeds on humans. There is also a green beast with a human face named the Xingxing.

To the southwest lies the Kingdom of Ba. The Great Hao birthed the Salt Bird, which birthed Chengli, who in turn birthed Houzhao. Houzhao was the founder of the Ba people.

There is a country called the Liu Huang Xin Clan, which spans three hundred li. Dust and dirt are abundant here. There is Mount Basui, where the Mian River originates.

There is the Kingdom of Zhujuan, where black snakes with blue heads feed on elephants.

In the south lies the Kingdom of Giant Men, where people have human faces, long arms, black hairy bodies, and backward-bent feet. When they see a person smile, they cover their faces with their lips and flee.

There is a black man with a tiger’s head and bird’s feet, who holds two snakes in his hands and devours them.

There are the Winged People, who have bird feet and tame wild boars.

There is the Kingdom of Miaomin, where a deity with a human head, a snake’s body, and a length as long as a cartshaft lives. It has heads on both sides, wears purple clothing, and a crown of flags. This god is named Yanwei. When rulers obtain it and offer it food, they will become lords of the world.

The Luan Bird sings on its own, and the Phoenix Bird dances. The Phoenix has inscriptions on its head that say "Virtue," inscriptions on its wings that say "Obedience," inscriptions on its chest that say "Benevolence," and inscriptions on its back that say "Righteousness." When it appears, the world is at peace.

There is also a green beast resembling a hare called the Qundog, as well as Mount Gui, home to the Jade Bird and the Kong Bird.

Within the Southern Sea are Mount Heng, Mount Jun, and Mount Gui. There is a mountain called the Capital of the Three Heavenly Lords.

In the hills of Cangwu, lies the Cangwu Abyss, home to the Nine Mountains of Yi, where Emperor Shun is buried. This is located within the boundaries of Changsha and Lingling.

Within the Northern Sea, there is Snake Mountain, from which Snake Water flows eastward into the sea. There is a five-colored bird that flies over an entire region, called the Yibird. There is also Mount Buju, where the artisan Qiao is buried to the west.

Within the Northern Sea, there are criminals bound and tied, carrying spears, called the corpses of Xianggu.

Bo Yi’s father gave birth to West Yue, who in turn birthed Xianlong. Xianlong was the first to give birth to the Diqiang people, who adopted the surname Qi.

Within the Northern Sea lies a mountain called Youdu Mountain, where the Black Water flows. At its summit, one can find black birds, black snakes, and black foxes with bushy tails. There is Mount Daxuan and the people of Xuanchu. There is the Great You Kingdom and the Red-Legged People.

There is the Kingdom of Dingling, where the people have hair below their waists and horse hooves, and they are skilled runners.

The Flame Emperor’s grandson, Bo Ling, was the husband of Wu Quan’s wife A Nu Yuanfu. Yuanfu carried her pregnancy for three years and gave birth to Gu, Yan, and Shu. They were the first to become marquises, and Gu and Yan were the first to make bells and compose musical wind.

The Yellow Emperor fathered Luoming, who in turn fathered the White Horse. The White Horse is Gu.

Emperor Jun fathered Yuhao, who in turn fathered Yinliang. Yinliang fathered Fanyu, who was the first to make boats. Fanyu fathered Xizhong, who in turn fathered Jiguang. Jiguang was the first to use wood to make carts.

Shaohao fathered Ban, who was the first to make bows and arrows.

Emperor Jun gave Yi the red bow and white arrows to protect the lower countries. Yi was the first to relieve the people of their many hardships.

Emperor Jun fathered Yanlong, who became the first to create the qin and se.

Emperor Jun had eight sons. Among them, Yijun was born with three bodies and was the first to become the artisan Qiao. He was the first to craft all the tools used by the people. Houji was the first to sow all the grains. Houji’s grandson, Shujun, was the first to invent the ox-plow. Dabijiyin was the first to establish a kingdom. Yu and Gun were the first to control the land and divide the nine provinces.

The Flame Emperor’s wife, Tingyao, daughter of the Red Water, gave birth to Yanju, who fathered Jiebin. Jiebin fathered Xiqi, and Xiqi fathered Zhu Rong. Zhu Rong descended to dwell by the Jiang River and gave birth to Gonggong. Gonggong fathered Shiqi, who had a square head. He rebuilt the land by the Jiang River. Gonggong fathered Houtu, who fathered Yenming, who gave birth to the twelve years.

When the Great Flood engulfed the world, Gun stole the emperor’s magic soil to stop the flood, but he did so without waiting for the emperor’s command. The emperor ordered Zhu Rong to kill Gun in Feather Valley. Gun then transformed into Yu. The emperor then commanded Yu to complete the task of controlling the land and dividing the nine provinces.

[The End]

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